VINOLET 対訳レビュー

The correct answer is Terre Tollesi, also known as Tullum. The red must contain at least 95% Montepulciano; the whites may use Pecorino or Passerina, each at a minimum of 90%; and the spumante must contain at least 60% Chardonnay. Abruzzo has two D.O.C.G.s: Terre Tollesi and Colline Teramane Montepulciano d'Abruzzo. All the other options are D.O.C.s of the same region.

The correct answer is the Wither Hills. Lying to the south of Marlborough, they shelter the region from harsh climatic influences such as the strong winds off the Pacific.

The correct answer is Montsant. It became independent from D.O. Tarragona in 2001, lies at the foot of the Montsant range, and extends around roughly half of D.O.Ca. Priorat.

The correct answer is the Zonda. Cold Pacific air meets the Andes on the Chilean side and sheds its rain there, then descends onto the Argentine side as a dry, powerful wind that can cause severe damage. The Fremantle Doctor blows in Western Australia, and the Mistral in France's Rhône Valley and Provence.

The correct answer is "He reported to the state government that the southern part of Western Australia resembled Bordeaux in its climatic conditions and was well suited to viticulture." It was Dr John Gladstones of the University of Western Australia who published the findings on Margaret River's suitability for viticulture. It was James Busby who established the first serious vineyard in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales. And it was Max Schubert, winemaker at Penfolds, who — influenced by red winemaking in Bordeaux during a trip to Europe — produced the experimental Grange Hermitage Bin 1 and transformed Australian table wine.

The correct answer is Henty. All the options are wine regions in Victoria. Henty is one of the coolest wine regions on the Australian mainland. Geelong is an important source of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, strongly influenced by a maritime climate; it is also where phylloxera was first discovered in Australia. The Goulburn Valley is home to Tahbilk, founded in 1860 and one of Australia's oldest wineries. Rutherglen is famous for fortified wines, made from Muscat and Muscadelle.

The correct answer is the Mount Lofty Ranges. Formed between one and two million years ago, they are the section of range that arcs away from Kangaroo Island. The six regions around Adelaide are easiest to understand when mapped against this range. The Barossa Range is the escarpment of 150 to 200 metres' elevation difference between the Barossa Valley and the Eden Valley. Barossa Grounds is becoming the name of a programme that divides Barossa Valley soils into roughly six types and explains the relationship between those soils and the wines they produce. The Great Dividing Range is Australia's continental divide, which appears in the New South Wales chapter; vineyard development has moved up its slopes into higher-altitude areas, namely Cowra, Mudgee and Orange.

The correct answer is Grüner Veltliner. Its pronounced aromatics also make it an easy match for Asian dishes using ginger, coriander and green pepper. Zweigelt is considered a match for lighter, soft-textured meat dishes; Welschriesling for delicately flavoured meat dishes such as Buschenschank fare; and Sankt Laurent for roasted dark-fleshed birds such as duck and pigeon.

The correct answer is Pamid, from which simple, light red table wines are made. By area under vine among black varieties, Merlot ranks first and Cabernet Sauvignon second; Pamid, in third place, is the most widely planted of the indigenous varieties. Mavrud is a high-quality variety giving wines built for long ageing. Melnik grows in Bulgaria's far south-west and yields high-quality fruit for long-ageing wines. Rubin is a Syrah × Nebbiolo crossing. All of these are black varieties.

The correct answer is Johann (John) Schiller, who began making wine in Ontario in 1811. Claude Gay was the Frenchman who imported European wine-grape varieties into Chile in 1830. John Riddoch was the Scot who planted the first vines at Coonawarra, Australia, in 1890. Harold Olmo was the researcher from the University of California, Davis, who was commissioned in 1955 to survey the viticultural potential of Western Australia.

The correct answer is "During production the curd is heated to no more than 40°C." Cooked pressed cheeses are raised to between roughly 40°C and 55°C to expel moisture and build a firm texture, whereas uncooked pressed cheeses are not heated to that point and therefore retain rather more moisture.

The cheese in which the whey is simply drained off without ripening is the fresh type; the one ripened after spraying with Penicillium candidum is the bloomy-rind type; and the one made by pouring on hot water, then kneading and stretching the curd, is the pasta filata type.

The correct answer is "Northwards from the Southern Ocean." Chile faces the Pacific and is influenced by the Humboldt Current, a cold current that flows north from the Southern Ocean as far as the waters off Peru.

The correct answer is the Habsburg Empire. Croatia came under Habsburg rule in the eighteenth century, and German varieties became dominant. It later gained independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991 and joined the EU in 2013.

The correct answer is "Home cooking, regional cooking, haute cuisine." Curnonsky proposed three categories of cooking based on register: cuisine de famille, cuisine régionale and haute cuisine. As an illustration of pairing wine with this classification, home cooking might be matched with a generic (regional A.O.P.) wine, regional cooking with a village wine, and haute cuisine with a Premier Cru or Grand Cru. The other options are invented terms.

The correct answer is Reims. Following the historical account that Clovis, first king of the Franks, was baptised by the Bishop of Reims some time between 496 and 511, successive kings of France were crowned in Reims Cathedral. The cathedral was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991. The low hills between Reims and Épernay form the Montagne de Reims district.

Colmar is a city in Alsace; Dijon is the prefecture of the Côte-d'Or département in Burgundy; and Libourne is a town on the right bank of the Dordogne in Bordeaux.

The correct answer is maritime. Bordeaux lies on the Atlantic coast of south-west France. The city sits at 45°N — roughly the same latitude as Hokkaido in Japan — but the warm Gulf Stream (the North Atlantic Drift) flows along the Atlantic coast, giving it a mild maritime climate for its latitude. Within France, the classic semi-continental region is Burgundy, the classic Mediterranean regions are Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence, and the classic continental region is Alsace.

The correct answer is the Alazani. Twenty of Georgia's thirty-two P.D.O.s are in Kakheti, and most are concentrated along both banks of the Alazani. The Iori also flows through the south-west of Kakheti; the Mtkvari flows through Kartli, the region containing the capital, Tbilisi; and the Tekhura flows in the Black Sea coastal area.

The correct answer is Gutedel. Rivaner is a synonym for Müller-Thurgau, a crossing of Riesling and Madeleine Royale. Scheurebe is a crossing of Riesling and Bukettraube. Silvaner was brought from Austria to Germany in 1659 and first planted in the village of Castell in Franken; it is the variety most closely associated with that region.

The correct answer is Regent, a PIWI (fungus-resistant) variety. All the other options are white varieties.

The correct answer is Assyrtiko, which ranks third in Greece by area planted to white varieties. Agiorgitiko, Liatiko and Xinomavro are all widely planted black varieties representative of Greece.

The correct answer is 450 g/l or more. Eszencia is an intensely sweet wine made by slowly fermenting the juice that runs off under its own weight from botrytised berries picked one by one. The figure of 120 g/l or more applies to Aszú, 45 g/l or more to Édes Szamorodni, and 9 g/l or less to Száraz Szamorodni.

The correct answer is Demeter, the international certification body for biodynamics, headquartered in Germany. Ecocert is an international certification body for organic agriculture, headquartered in France. Euro Leaf is the organic certification mark, shaped like a leaf, applied to organic produce and foods meeting the EU's strict standards. Agriculture Biologique (AB) is the organic certification mark applied to produce and foods certified by the French Ministry of Agriculture.

The correct answer is the Etruscans.

The Phoenicians were the people who began winemaking in Spain and who also contributed to winemaking in Portugal.

The Belgae were the people who brought wine to Britain.

The Phocaeans brought viticulture when they founded their colony at Marseille in France.

The correct answer is 1. In 2025 the Classico subzone alone was separated from D.O.C. Cirò and recognised as D.O.C.G. Cirò Classico. Only red wine based on Gaglioppo may be produced, and it is Italy's most recent D.O.C.G.

The correct answer is Zenbei Kawakami. He founded the Iwanohara Vineyard in Niigata Prefecture in the 1890s and devoted himself to developing grape varieties suited to Japanese conditions. Hironori Yamada and Norihisa Takuma were the two men who began serious winemaking in Kofu in 1874. Shinjiro Torii was the man who supported Kawakami's work financially.

The correct answer is Shokoshi. Akita Prefecture is focusing on wines from crossings with wild grapes, such as Shokoshi. Yamasachi is a crossing of Yamabudo and Seibel developed in Hokkaido. Black Queen is a crossing of Bailey and Golden Queen developed by Zenbei Kawakami. Red Millennium was also developed by Kawakami.

The correct answer is Delaware. Osaka has long been a centre for Delaware, and it currently accounts for just under 50% of the Japanese wine produced there.

The correct answer is Hosui Winery, located in Iwamizawa. Sakai Winery is in Akayu, Nanyo, Yamagata Prefecture; Domaine Nakajima is in Tomi, Nagano Prefecture; and Asuka Wine is in Habikino, Osaka Prefecture.

The correct answer is "Crémant de Luxembourg is strongly influenced by Champagne." Winemakers who had trained in Champagne began producing sparkling wine by the traditional method and succeeded in exporting it, and Crémant de Luxembourg is accordingly strongly influenced by Champagne. Luxembourg has a wine-centred food culture; its wine regions include many steep slopes and the work is largely done by hand; and half of its wine production is consumed domestically.

The correct answer is James Busby. Known as "the father of Australian viticulture", he also produced wine in New Zealand from the vineyard he established at Waitangi in Northland, on the North Island, in 1836. Samuel Marsden was the man who planted wine grapes at Kerikeri. Jan van Riebeeck recorded the first production of wine in South Africa, and Arthur Phillip was the man who brought vines to Australia.

The correct answer is Theaceae. Tea is made from the new shoots (leaves and stems) of Camellia sinensis, of the genus Camellia in the family Theaceae; tea produced in Japan is called Japanese tea. Black tea comes from the same plant. Rubiaceae is the family of the coffee plant.

The correct answer is Scotch. Japanese whisky is the newest of the five great whiskies, and it began with the malt whisky of the Yamazaki distillery, whose production methods were learned from Scotch. Fewer than a hundred years after whisky-making began in Japan, Japanese whisky is highly regarded worldwide, having taken top honours in numerous international competitions.

The correct answer is lambic. Lambic originates in the Brussels area of Belgium. It uses some wheat among its raw materials and aged hops. Because it undergoes spontaneous fermentation over one to two years, it has an acidity and a distinctive aroma. Finished lambic is blended with young lambic, fermented for about a year, bottled, and then fermented further in bottle. Versions with cherries or raspberries added also exist. Stout began to be made in Britain once the use of sugar among the raw materials was permitted; Guinness is the classic example — a rich, dark style with pronounced hop bitterness. Trappist is an old Belgian style, originally brewed in monasteries; it is a dark beer that undergoes secondary fermentation in bottle. Altbier is a dark beer developed in Düsseldorf, Germany, emphasising hop aroma and flavour.

The correct answer is Itami. Itami, in Hyogo Prefecture, was designated a G.I. in November 2024. Minamiaizu (Fukushima Prefecture) was designated in August 2024, Kitakata (Kitakata City and the neighbouring town of Nishiaizu in Yama District, Fukushima Prefecture) in December 2024, and Shinano Omachi (Omachi City, Nagano Prefecture) in June 2023.

The correct answer is garnet. Port is classified by colour, and the styles are ruby, tawny, white and rosé.

The correct answer is "The open-market price never falls below the en primeur price." In an off vintage, or where demand falls because of popularity or economic conditions, the price of the physical wine can end up below the en primeur price.

The correct answer is Băbească Neagră, known in Moldova as Rară Neagră. Fetească Neagră is a black variety whose name means "black maiden"; Busuioacă de Bohotin is a grey-skinned variety that arose as a mutation of Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains; and Fetească Regală is a white variety whose name means "royal maiden".

The correct answer is about 55%. Red and rosé account for about 55% and white for about 45%. What is distinctive is that red and rosé make up the majority by volume even though white varieties represent a high proportion of plantings (75%).

The correct answer is Frankovka modrá (Blaufränkisch). It accounts for 9.4% of total plantings and ranks first among black varieties. Svätovavrinecké (Sankt Laurent) ranks second and Cabernet Sauvignon third. Alibernet is an indigenous crossing.

The correct answer is Refošk. All the other options are major Slovenian white varieties.

The correct answer is Pinot Noir × Cinsault. Pinotage is a grape unique to South Africa. It is resistant to disease and reaches high sugar levels, but growers are increasingly replanting to international varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Merlot.

The correct answer is 85%. Under South Africa's W.O. scheme, a minimum of 85% is required in order to state the grape variety and the vintage on the label.

The correct answer is Tinto Fino. In Ribera del Duero, Tempranillo is called Tinto Fino or Tinta del País; in La Mancha, Cencibel; in Catalonia, Ull de Llebre; in Toro, Tinta de Toro; and in Madrid, Tinta de Madrid.

The correct answer is Vin des Glaciers. Salvagnin belongs to Vaud, Federweiss to the German-speaking cantons, and Œil de Perdrix originated in Neuchâtel but is an A.O.C. across the whole of Switzerland.

The correct answer is the grape. Primary aromas are the varietal aromas derived from the grapes themselves; secondary aromas are those created by yeasts and lactic acid bacteria during fermentation; and tertiary aromas are those that develop after fermentation is complete.

The correct answer is "Apéritif derives from a Latin word meaning 'to open'." Drinking stimulates the stomach physiologically and so encourages the appetite. Drinks of relatively low alcoholic strength — Dubonnet, Lillet, Pernod, Ricard — are considered suitable. Digestif is a word meaning "digestion" and refers to the after-dinner drink; markedly sweet drinks or those high in alcohol, such as Port, Madeira and Marc, are considered suitable.

The correct answer is P.D.O., short for Protected Designation of Origin. There are four P.D.O.s in the United Kingdom: English Wine, Welsh Wine, Sussex Wine and Darnibole Wine.

The correct answer is Jory loam. Other soils found in the Willamette Valley include Willakenzie, a sedimentary soil from an ancient seabed, and Laurelwood, a silty loess soil.

Terra rossa is a red soil formed by the weathering of limestone, found at Coonawarra in Australia, in Primorska in Slovenia, and in Japan in Okayama Prefecture among other places.

The correct answer is Anderson Valley.

Anderson Valley is the leading A.V.A. of Mendocino County and one of the coolest grape-growing areas in California. It is a source of high-quality sparkling wine, and Alsace varieties have succeeded there. In recent years many of California's top Pinot Noir producers have moved into the area.

Russian River Valley is the leading A.V.A. of Sonoma County, with a cool climate shaped by cold fog and sea breezes off the Pacific. Its principal varieties are Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.

Oakville and Carneros are leading A.V.A.s of the Napa Valley. Carneros straddles both Napa and Sonoma counties and is the southernmost — and coolest — part of each. Its principal varieties are Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, and it is a centre of production for high-quality Californian sparkling wine.

The correct answer is "Red wine accounts for the larger share of the wine produced", at 56% of production. Uruguay's wine-producing areas lie between 30 and 35 degrees south. The region producing the greatest volume is Canelones. To the west, Uruguay borders Argentina across the River Plate.